Bruxism Explained
The condition known as bruxism causes teeth grinding or jaw clenching. It may result from a genetic, psychological, or physical origin.
Examples of bruxism include
1. Awake bruxism, which can be brought on by feelings such as stress, worry, frustration and anger.
2. Sleep bruxism may be an activity that involves biting while you sleep that is connected to arousals during sleep and may evolve into a habit or serve as a coping mechanism. It could be related to crooked teeth, teething, earaches, stress, or other sleep disorders like sleep apnea and snoring. It frequently arises in childhood before eventually going away.

Defining Dental Caries
Dental caries, often known as tooth decay, is the demineralization of tooth's organic material and hard tissues (enamel). This happens as a result of the acids created when the food debris on the tooth surface hydrolyzes. Over a limited amount of time, the enamel starts to deteriorate and the tooth loses its capacity to increase the calcium and phosphate content of the teeth (remineralization), which leads to internal decay. If it spreads to a tooth's nerve or root, it may become uncomfortable and make eating and sleeping difficult because of the pain.

Understanding Periodontitis
Inflammation of the gums and other tooth-supporting tissues is known as periodontitis. If gingivitis is not treated, periodontitis develops. Plaque, a yellowish biofilm that forms on the teeth, promotes bacterial development. If the plaque is not eliminated, it hardens and develops into calculus or tartar. The plaque that harms the tissues around the teeth and produces gingivitis. Pockets between the gums and teeth may develop as gingivitis worsens, where bacteria can colonise. The bone and connective tissue that retain the tooth are destroyed by bacterial toxins and immune system reactions, which causes the tooth to loosen and fall out.

Explaining Malocclusion
The misalignment of the teeth in both dental arches is known as malocclusion. It can be brought on by a cleft palate, using a pacifier after the age of three, thumb sucking, a jaw injury, poorly fitted dental implants, tumours, etc. Class 1 malocclusion is defined as when the upper teeth barely overlap the lower teeth. 2. Retrognathism or overbite is a class 2 malocclusion in which the upper jaw and teeth substantially overlap the lower jaw and teeth. 3. Class 3 malocclusion, often known as prognathism or an underbite, is caused by the lower jaw protruding forward and overlapping the upper jaw and teeth.

Recognising tooth agenesis
An individual who suffers from tooth agenesis is without teeth. Ectodermal dysplasia, a disorder that affects the growth of the teeth, nails, hair and sweat glands, is frequently linked to it. Various types of tooth agenesis are categorised (all are genetic in origin): 1. Anodontia, a disorder that typically occurs as a component of a syndrome, is the absence of entire teeth. 2. Hypodontia, in which 1-5 teeth are missing. 3. Oligodontia, or having fewer than six teeth. Although either the primary or permanent sets of teeth may be involved, the permanent set is usually involved. Following a particular pattern of missing teeth, tooth agenesis occurs the kind of missing teeth must also be taken into account.

Defining Dental Fluorosis
Dental fluorosis is a disorder where teeth develop flimsy white lines. When the tooth forms and the affected child has consumed too much fluoride, it happens. Fluoride supplements taken in excess or improperly used fluoride-containing dental products like toothpaste and mouthwashes can result in dental fluorosis. Fluorosis cannot form after teeth break through the gums. In severe situations, the enamel surface may have abnormalities and pits may be evident in addition to yellow to dark brown stains on the teeth.

What are Enamel Developmental Defects?
Conditions that influence the structure of the enamel during its formation are referred to as developmental defects of the enamel. The tooth enamel deviates from its regular translucence and becomes more opaque. It can be divided into two categories: 1) Hypomineralization (which affects the quality) and 2) Hypoplasia (which affects the amount of enamel). Hypomineralization causes the enamel to appear white, yellow, or brown and hypoplasia causes the enamel to be thinner and develop pits or grooves. It affects occlusal function, early childhood caries, aesthetics, dental sensitivity, erosion and provides a favourable environment for the growth of cariogenic bacteria.

What Is Temporomandibular Joint Disorder?
The temporomandibular joint, which joins the jaw to the skull, permits jaw mobility for speaking and eating. The condition of the jaw muscles and nerves, known as temporomandibular joint disorder, is primarily brought on by an accident that causes inflammation of the joint. The problems may result in pain in the face, tenderness at the joint and difficulties moving the jaw. Additionally, it can result in bruxism, nerve irritation, headaches, ear tube malfunction and, in rare circumstances, temporomandibular joint dislocation. Internal derangement, degenerative alterations, or myofascial changes can all occur depending on the type.

Description of Gingivitis
A kind of periodontal disease called gingivitis produces gum inflammation that, if unchecked, can lead to periodontitis or tooth loss. It typically happens as a result of inadequate dental hygiene, which promotes the growth of plaque. Gum inflammation is caused by the poisons that the bacteria in plaque release. It triggers an immunological reaction that might result in gingival loss, gum swelling and bleeding.

What exactly is Peri-implantitis?
Peri-implantitis is an inflammation and degeneration of the tissues and bony structure surrounding the dental implants. The loosening of the gums around an implant causes bacterial biofilms to form, which causes peri-implantitis. Increased pocket formation, bone resorption, poor osseointegration (the connection between living bone and load-bearing implant) and pus production are all symptoms of this progressive and irreversible disease. peri-implantitis may cause bone resorption. It may happen as a result of subpar implants, a lack of tissue connection to the implant, or subpar bone on which the implant is positioned.

Oral Lichen Planus Explained
A chronic inflammatory disorder known as oral lichen planus affects the mucous membrane of the mouth and manifests as open ulcers with red and swollen tissue as well as whitish, lacy paths. It is an immunological illness that develops as a result of the white blood cells attacking the inner lining of the mouth. It is not communicable. It could be brought on by a mouth injury, an allergy to a certain drug, dental implants, infections, etc. It may also be linked to dietary deficiencies and cause difficulties in eating and drinking. The risk of oral cancer in those affected is very high.

How do you define recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an autoimmune condition characterised by recurrent aphthous lesions, often known as canker sores, in the oral mucosa. It is primarily linked to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, Behcet syndrome, Reiter syndrome, vitamin deficiency, etc. It is a T cell-mediated disease in which different cytokines are secreted. These cytokines, particularly tumour necrosis factor (TNF-), are overexpressed and harm the oral mucosa by causing cytotoxicity. RAS can induce painful lesions that make it difficult to swallow, which can cause dehydration and nutritional deficiencies. It could cause the mouth's inner lining to scar.