Infectious Diseases

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It can be crucial to identify a particular bacterium, its kinds, or subtypes via genetic testing. Certain genetic tests can identify the genes that give microorganisms antibiotic resistance. In order to choose the best drug for therapy, other tests may be used to identify the type (genotype) of virus that is present.

Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases

Bacterial Infections

Brucellosis Learn More

Description of Brucellosis
A bacterial ailment called brucellosis is spread either through direct contact with diseased animals like dogs, cats, sheep, or cattle or by ingesting tainted food and water. Most infections occur after consuming raw or unpasteurized dairy products, although occasionally, the bacteria can spread through the air. Certain genetic variants increase the risk of contracting an illness and the degree of a disease's severity.

Chronic Q fever Learn More

What Exactly Is Chronic Q Fever?
Q fever is a bacterial ailment brought on by the Coxiella burnetii bacterium and spread to others by infected aerosols, milk, faeces, urine, or other pregnancy-related products. Chronic Q fever is the term used when a significant infection develops months or years after the original Q fever. Chronic Q fever is a significant worry that can harm the heart, liver, brain and lungs, among other essential organs. The genetic variety of the individual determines the degree of susceptibility to infection and the severity of the disease.

Syphilis Learn More

Defining syphilis
A sexually transmitted infection called syphilis is brought on by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. When it comes into touch with sores on the mouth, genitalia, or rectum, it spreads from one person to the next through the skin mucous membrane. Syphilis can harm the heart, brain and other organs if untreated and it may even be fatal. The chance of contracting syphilis may rise as a result of specific genetic differences.

Tuberculosis Learn More

Explaining what tuberculosis is
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that causes the bacterial infection known as tuberculosis. It is mostly a pulmonary disease that spreads to the surface of the lungs by infected aerosol droplets. It may infect bones, the central nervous system, or other organs, among other body parts. The host immune system's reaction controls how the disease develops and turns out. Certain genetic variants may result in lowered immunity, which would therefore permit the infection to take place.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection Learn More

What is an Infection with Helicobacter Pylori?
A bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori is brought on by the H. pylori bacterium. It has an adverse effect on the stomach's lining and can result in serious side effects such gastric ulcers, gastritis and gastric cancer. It may travel from one person to another by saliva, vomit, or faeces, as well as through contaminated food and water. The likelihood of contracting an illness and the extent of how severe the condition is may be influenced by specific genetic differences.

Parasitic Infections

Chagas Disease Learn More

Chagas disease definition
Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite that causes Chagas disease, is spread by the triatomine bug, an insect. The disease's acute stage could go undetected and continue to its chronic stage, which could cause serious digestive and cardiac issues. The degree of the disease's severity and susceptibility to infection may be influenced by certain genetic variations.

Leishmaniasis Learn More

Defining leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is an infection brought on by parasites of the Leishmania genus that are spread by phlebotomine sand flies. It impacts the body's cutaneous, mucocutaneous and, in extreme situations, visceral systems. The severity of the infection can range from asymptomatic disease to a life-threatening sickness, depending on the species of Leishmania implicated and the host immune system. The degree of the disease's severity and susceptibility to infection may both be impacted by certain genetic variants.

Malaria Learn More

What Exactly Is Malaria and what it does to your body
The potentially fatal parasite species Plasmodium causes malaria, which is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes as a vector. Either an infected mosquito bites you directly, or an uninfected mosquito feeds on a person who has malaria, catching the disease and spreading it to other people. The parasite enters the body and moves to the liver before infecting the bloodstream many days later. Certain genetic variations may affect the susceptibility to acquiring this disease.

Toxoplasmosis Learn More

Toxoplasmosis Explained
Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that is quite widespread, is the infection that causes toxoplasmosis. Undercooked, contaminated food, infected cat faeces and an infected pregnant woman can all spread the infection to the unborn kid. Additionally fatal, the infection may result in foetal birth abnormalities. A robust immune system prevents the parasite from seriously affecting health. Genetic variations may alter a person's vulnerability to infection and the degree of their disease's severity.

Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness) Learn More

The definition of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
The infection known as "human African trypanosomiasis" or "sleeping sickness" is brought on by the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Genus Glossina). The illness spreads through the bloodstream and can be lethal if left untreated. The susceptibility to contract an infection may be impacted by specific genetic differences. They will also have an impact on how severe the sickness is.

Viral Infections

Dengue Learn More

Defining Dengue
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito bites are the primary means of transmission for the virus that causes dengue, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. Flu-like symptoms and a fever might result from a mild infection, but a severe case of dengue hemorrhagic fever can result in significant bleeding, shock and even death. The ability to contract an illness and the severity of the disease are both influenced by an individual's genetic makeup.

Encephalitis Learn More

What exactly is Encephalitis?
Inflammation of the brain tissue is caused by the potentially fatal viral infection known as encephalitis. Genetic variations may impact a person's susceptibility to infection and the degree of disease severity.

Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFM) Learn More

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Definition
Enterovirus, a member of the Picornaviridae family, causes the contagious illness known as hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which primarily affects children. Most children recover from the virus, but some may experience serious neurological problems. The ability to contract an illness and the severity of the disease are both influenced by an individual's genetic makeup.

Hepatitis Learn More

Defining hepatitis
A viral illness called hepatitis results in liver inflammation. Viral hepatitis comes in three different forms: hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatitis infection has a variety of clinical consequences that can be either acute or chronic. The ability to contract an illness and the severity of the disease are both influenced by an individual's genetic makeup.

HIV Infection Learn More

Understanding HIV Infection
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is currently no effective cure. Once people get HIV, they have it for life. But with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled. The ability to contract an illness and the severity of the disease are both influenced by an individual's genetic makeup.

Influenza Learn More

Defining influenza
Types A, B, C and D are the four different subtypes of influenza viruses. Seasonal epidemics of influenza A and B are brought on by circulating viruses. Seasonal flu outbreaks are possible because it is easily spread by contact and airborne droplets. The ability to contract an illness and the severity of the disease are both influenced by an individual's genetic makeup.

Microbial Infections

Keratitis Learn More

Defining keratitis
A corneal infection known as keratitis affects the thin, translucent layer that covers the iris and pupil. Non-infectious keratitis is brought on by injury or a foreign object, whereas infectious keratitis is typically brought on by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Untreated severe keratitis may result in long-term problems or permanent vision impairment. On rare occasions, non-infectious keratitis can also be brought on by allergies to pollen. It is possible to spread infectious keratitis, especially when touching a contaminated surface. The likelihood of contracting these illnesses may be increased by genetic differences.

Pneumonia Learn More

What exactly is Pneumonia?
A respiratory infection that affects the lungs, pneumonia can be brought on by bacteria, viruses and fungus. Breathing problems are brought on by the inflammation of the lungs' air sacs (alveoli). Depending on where the pneumonia originated, it may have been contracted in the community or in a hospital. If in close proximity to an infected person, it is easily spread by air droplets. The likelihood of contracting an infection and the degree of disease severity may both rise as a result of specific genetic abnormalities.

Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infection (RVVI) Learn More

Understanding Recurrent Vaginal Infection
Recurrent VulvoVaginal Infection (RVVI) is the collective term for frequent vaginal infections that occur repeatedly. Trichomoniasis (TV), Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) and Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) are the three most prevalent RVVI. The vagina is one of the many bodily areas where microbes are found. They might survive without creating any issues or they might grow out of control and infect the organs by penetrating deeply. The likelihood of contracting the illness and the degree of disease severity may vary due to genetic differences.

Sepsis Learn More

Defining sepsis
The body's severe response to a serious infection is sepsis. When the body responds to the infection by damaging its own tissue, it happens. If left untreated, it poses a life-threatening threat and can cause organ failure, tissue damage, death, septic shock, or septicemia. Most sepsis instances are typically brought on by bacterial infections. An individual's vulnerability to contracting an illness and the degree of a disease's severity may rise due to specific genetic differences.

Description of Test

Human infections can be brought on by some microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasites and fungi. These are referred to as pathogens or infectious agents. For instance, growing microorganisms in cultures and then identifying the bacterium, or testing blood samples for antibodies that humans acquire in response to an infection by a specific microbe, are traditional testing approaches for the detection of such diseases.

Genetic testing procedures can also be used to identify bacteria since genetic material found in microbes, commonly known as nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), differs from that found in human cells. These microorganisms may be present in urine, blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid and stool samples. Genetic testing methods may also be used to identify bacteria after they have been cultivated in culture, in addition to identifying microbes directly in specimens like these.

Genetic testing may be more sensitive and specific than traditional methods of testing and general infectious disease test kits and provide results faster than other techniques, such as cultures.

Genetic testing can be performed to identify the germs infecting a person as well as the type (e.g., sub-type, strain, or species) of microbe that is present. This information could be used to direct infection therapy and connect various patients to a single illness source. Some genetic tests pinpoint the precise genes that allow a microorganism to thrive in the presence of an antibiotic or pinpoint the viral genotype that will respond to a given course of treatment.

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