Nutrigenomics

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Nutrigenomics is the integration of diet and genomic science. Simply put, how your genes interact with food has a direct impact on your health. Genomics makes it possible to study DNA, understand predispositions to dietary conditions and manage them early on in life.

Nutrigenomics

Nutrigenomics

Weight Management

Ability to Maintain Weight Loss Learn More

Weight Managment and maintaining weight loss?
While many people find losing weight difficult, maintaining it can be just as difficult. Many people who lose a lot of weight tend to gain it back after 1 to 3 years. Certain genetic variations affect the ability to maintain weight after weight loss. For those with a higher genetic risk for weight regain, it becomes even more important to maintain weight loss by following a healthy meal plan and exercise program.

Micronutrient Metabolism

Antioxidant Metabolism Learn More

Information on Antioxidant Metabolism?
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit the oxidation process in the body. Certain processes lead to the formation of oxidative substances in the body that damage cells and DNA, resulting in impaired cellular function. The ability of antioxidants to destroy oxidized substances protects the structural integrity of cells and tissues. Antioxidants also boost the body's immune response. They are also known to reduce the risk of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Antioxidant-rich sources include dark chocolate, spinach, green tea and blueberries. Genetic variation may lead to altered function of the body's antioxidant defence system, thereby affecting dietary requirements for antioxidants.

Iron Metabolism Learn More

Importance of Iron Metabolism?
Iron is an essential element that the body needs to produce red blood cells. Approximately 70% of the body's iron is stored in red blood cells. It is important for the formation of haemoglobin and for transporting oxygen to cells in the body. Iron is also involved in immune system function and is an important nutrient for energy metabolism. Iron deficiency can cause fatigue, weakness, pale skin, headaches and dizziness, while too much iron can have a toxic effect on the body. Dietary sources of iron include chicken, tofu, red meat, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, beans and spinach. Genetic variation affects iron metabolism and thus the ability to absorb dietary iron.

Magnesium Metabolism Learn More

What is Magnesium Metabolism and what functions depend on it?
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. It helps maintain normal nerve and muscle function, supports a healthy immune system, keeps your heartbeat steady and helps keep your bones strong. Magnesium also works with calcium to regulate muscle contraction. Magnesium deficiency is associated with incorrect nerve impulses, which can lead to a lack of coordination, muscle cramps, tremors and loss of appetite. Excess magnesium intake is currently associated with irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure and slowed breathing. Rich sources of magnesium include salmon, mackerel, tuna, spinach, kale, nuts and dark chocolate. Genetic variations can affect magnesium absorption and, thus its serum levels.

Calcium Metabolism Learn More

How does Calcium Metabolism Work for your body?
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, present in more than 90 percent of bones and teeth. Calcium is also important for normal thyroid function. Calcium is absorbed by the body in the form of phosphate and is essential for regulating muscle contraction and heart function. Calcium levels in the blood are also important for the production of clotting factors and the transmission of nerve impulses. Because calcium has multiple functions in the body, a calcium deficiency can lead to problems such as osteoporosis, osteopenia and muscle cramps. Too much calcium can lead to constipation, increased thirst or urination, nausea, vomiting and kidney stones. Foods rich in calcium include all dairy products, almonds, broccoli, cabbage, soybeans, tofu, salmon and sardines. Genetic variations can cause abnormal calcium absorption in the body.

Phosphate Metabolism Learn More

Phosphate metabolism refers to the biochemical processes involved in the regulation and utilization of phosphate.Phosphate is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in the development of bones and teeth. In the body, the majority of phosphorus combines with oxygen to form phosphate. Phosphate serves as a foundational element for various essential substances, which are involved in energy production, cell membrane construction and DNA synthesis. To obtain phosphate, one can consume dietary sources like milk, meat, sea fish (such as salmon, mackerel and sardines), seeds (like pumpkin and sunflower seeds), legumes, eggs and oatmeal. It is worth noting that genetic variations have the potential to impact serum phosphate levels, consequently affecting individual dietary needs.

Vitamin A Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin A Metabolism Work?
A category of dietary organic compounds known as vitamin A plays a crucial role in the development of vision. It is crucial for maintaining the body's immune system and the health of the skin. In contrast to plant sources like carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale and cantaloupes, which contain the precursor of vitamin A in the form of carotenes that are then converted into retinol in the body, animal sources like organ meat, fish and milk products provide vitamin A in the form of retinol or retinoic acid. A lack of vitamin A can cause night blindness, acne, or dry skin, among other symptoms. Muscle soreness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and stomach pain could all result from too much vitamin A in the body. Genetic variations can impact the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol, which can change the amount of vitamin A needed in the diet.

Vitamin B12 Metabolism Learn More

What is the metabolism of vitamin B12?
A water-soluble vitamin known as cobalamin, our bodies use it in numerous metabolic processes. It plays a crucial role in myelin synthesis and the proper operation of the neurological system. Additionally, it's critical for the development of DNA and red blood cells. Along with riboflavin and folate, it aids in the cell's removal of homocysteine. Lethargy, weariness and poor nervous system function have all been linked to vitamin B12 deficiencies. Chicken, beef, tofu, eggs, salmon, dairy products and almond milk are all sources of vitamin B12. Genetic variations may impact how well it absorbs nutrients from meals, which may increase or decrease the risk of vitamin B12 insufficiency.

Vitamin B6 Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin B6 Metabolism Work?
The vitamin B family of important minerals includes vitamin B6. B vitamins help our bodies transform the food we eat into the energy we require to function. It is essential for the metabolism of lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates. Anaemia, dermatitis and a weaker immune system are all linked to vitamin B6 deficiency. It has been demonstrated that it can lead to neurological diseases when present in excess. Chicken, eggs, chickpeas, bananas, sweet potatoes, pistachios and spinach are foods that are good sources of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 deficiency risk can be affected by genetic differences that affect vitamin B6 absorption.

Vitamin B9 Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin B9 Metabolism Work?
Water-soluble vitamin B9, also referred to as folate (a naturally occurring form of vitamin B9) or folic acid (a synthetic version), is a member of the B vitamin family. When vitamin B9 is activated, it aids in the creation of red blood cells, the breakdown of homocysteine, the synthesis of DNA and cell division. All of these processes are impacted by poor vitamin B9 metabolism. Homocysteine can damage blood vessels, create inflammation, raise blood pressure and interfere with heart health if it builds up in excess. However, excessive vitamin B9 use has been linked to severe skin reactions, insomnia and gastrointestinal issues. Egg yolks, cow liver, tuna, lentils, asparagus and beets are among the foods high in vitamin B9. The metabolism of vitamin B9 can be affected by variations in specific genes.

Vitamin C Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin C Metabolism Work?
Ascorbic acid, another name for vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for both tissue repair and the enzymatic synthesis of specific neurotransmitters. It serves as an antioxidant and has a significant impact on the immune system. Skin rashes, delayed wound healing and scurvy (gum bleeding) have all been linked to vitamin C deficiency. However, excessive consumption may result in gastrointestinal issues, headaches and sleep issues. Citrus fruits including oranges and grapefruit, as well as kiwi, mango and papaya, are among the sources abundant in ascorbic acid. The body's ability to absorb vitamin C can be affected by genetic differences.

Vitamin D Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin D Metabolism Work?
When skin is exposed to sunshine, vitamin D is synthesised. It is a fat-soluble vitamin. Since calcium levels in the blood are controlled by vitamin D, this vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy bones. Lack of vitamin D has been linked to rickets, which causes muscle and bone weakening. Older persons experience cognitive impairment as a result of it. In the short term, increased calcium levels in the blood are linked to excess vitamin D in the body, which may cause nausea, vomiting and a lack of appetite. Salmon, egg yolks, cheese, spinach, tuna and other foods are excellent sources of vitamin D. However, food sources only provide a relatively small portion of the daily requirement for vitamin D, making sunshine the main source. Genetic variations can affect how vitamin D is metabolised, which can affect the likelihood of developing vitamin D insufficiency.

Vitamin E Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin E Metabolism Work?
Tocopherols, usually referred to as vitamin E, are a group of fat-soluble vitamins. The body uses vitamin E primarily as an antioxidant to combat the free radicals produced by the body and stop cellular damage. It has a significant role in the immunological system as well. It is well established that cognitive decline and neuromuscular issues are brought on by vitamin E deficiency. In excess, vitamin E may be harmful and cause headaches, stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhoea and issues associated to bleeding. Vegetable oils, nuts, salmon, crayfish, soybeans, spinach, broccoli and almonds are among foods that are rich in vitamin E. The body's ability to absorb vitamin E can be affected by genetic differences.

Vitamin K Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin K Metabolism Work?
Various chemical molecules that are fat-soluble make up vitamin K. Important processes like blood coagulation and bone mineralization depend on vitamin K. Therefore, symptoms like profuse bleeding, easy bruising and an increased risk of osteoporosis might result from a vitamin K shortage. Genetic differences can impact procedures that eventually affect how much vitamin K is needed in the food. Phylloquinone and menaquinone are two of vitamin K's active forms. Green vegetables including spinach, broccoli and iceberg lettuce are among the food sources high in phylloquinone. Menaquinone is present in higher concentrations in meat, dairy products and fermented diets.

Copper Metabolism Learn More

How Does Copper Metabolism Work?
Copper is an essential mineral that is required for red blood cell creation, nerve cell integrity and immune system regulation it also aids in iron absorption and collagen formation. Copper is mostly stored in the liver, brain, kidneys and skeletal muscles. Copper excess and shortage have been associated to nervous system deficits, liver damage and cardiovascular system problems. Genetics plays an important role in defining a person's natural ability to metabolise and absorb copper in the body.

Zinc Metabolism Learn More

How Does Zinc Metabolism Work?
Zinc is an essential mineral that plays an important role in cellular metabolism, DNA synthesis, immune function modulation, wound healing and protein synthesis. Because there is no zinc storage system in the body, adequate dietary zinc intake is required. Excess zinc intake can produce toxicity and symptoms such as nausea, lack of appetite and abdominal cramps zinc deficiency can cause poor immune function, growth retardation and loss of appetite. Oysters, eggs, crab, whole grains, beans and nuts are all high in zinc. Genetic differences in zinc transporter genes alter zinc absorption and serum levels in the body.

Macronutrient Metabolism

Response to Monounsaturated Fats Learn More

What is Monounsaturated Fat Response?
A type of fat known as a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) has one double bond in its backbone. Typically, these lipids are liquid at normal temperature. Monounsaturated lipids are essential for controlling how well the body's immune system works. Lowering cholesterol levels and lowering the risk of heart disease and stroke can be accomplished by substituting monounsaturated fats for saturated and trans fats. Vitamin E, an antioxidant that keeps the body healthy by shielding cells from injury, is also abundant in monounsaturated fats. Monounsaturated fats are notably abundant in foods like avocados, peanut butter, almonds, seeds, olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil and sunflower oil. The extent of the health advantages associated with MUFA intake can be influenced by genetic differences.

Response to Polyunsaturated Fats Learn More

What is Polyunsaturated Fat Reaction?
A form of fat known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has a backbone made up of several double bonds. Sesame oil is one source that is high in PUFA. Seeds like flaxseeds and walnuts are among the additional sources. PUFAs are liquids at normal temperature. The risk of heart disease and stroke can be reduced by using PUFAs to lower blood levels of LDL cholesterol. Vitamin E, an antioxidant vitamin that keeps the body healthy by shielding cells from injury, is also a component of polyunsaturated fat-rich oils. PUFA are primarily divided into omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The anti-inflammatory omega-3 PUFAs can be found in fatty fish, shellfish, liver and several seeds, including flaxseed. Animal fats are the main source of omega-6 rich meals. The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 is between 2:1 and 4:1, but modern diets typically contain ratios between 15:1 and even 25:1, which means that the majority of people have a significantly higher dietary demand for omega-3 consumption. Dietary requirements for omega-3 PUFA consumption might be affected by genetic differences.

Response to Protein Learn More

How does Protein Response work?
An important macronutrient for growth and maintenance, protein is needed by the body. All of the cells in the body use it as a building block and as a fuel source. They serve as building blocks for a number of other compounds required for life when they are broken down into amino acids. A diet high in protein speeds up metabolism and curbs hunger. As a result, eating proteins promotes satiety, lowers overall calorie intake and curbs hunger over time, all of which help with fat loss and weight maintenance. Animal and plant proteins, such as those found in meats, dairy goods, fish, eggs, grains, legumes and nuts, are both sources of protein in the diet. In terms of maintaining weight loss, genetic variances can result in a different reaction to increasing protein consumption.

Response to Saturated Fats Learn More

What is Saturated Fat Response?
Saturated fats are a type of macronutrient that the body uses to produce energy. Butter, ghee, margarine and animal fats all include saturated fats. The number of double bonds in their backbones sets them apart from other types of lipids, with saturated fats having none. Compared to unsaturated fats, which are typically liquid at room temperature, they frequently have greater melting points. When taken in higher proportions than other fats, saturated fats are known to raise LDL cholesterol, which results in the buildup of plaque along the blood vessel walls and narrowing of the blood vessels. This increases the risk of acquiring cardiovascular problems directly. Genetic variations can affect how the body reacts to dietary saturated fat in terms of obesity and the development of aberrant lipid profiles.

Response to Carbohydrate Learn More

What is Carbohydrate Response?
The body uses carbohydrates as its main source of energy and calories, making them an essential macronutrient. The two main categories of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbs cause a surge in blood sugar levels and the release of insulin because they are readily broken down and absorbed by the body. The risk of acquiring diabetes and obesity may rise with increased use of simple carbs like refined flour, table sugar, syrups and fruit drinks. Due to their intricate structure, complex carbs cannot be broken down fast, which results in a delayed and prolonged release of sugar and insulin into the bloodstream. Oats, quinoa, brown rice, barley and legumes are examples of complex carbohydrate sources. In response to carbohydrate ingestion, genetic variations can affect the likelihood of developing insulin resistance and obesity.

Response to Fiber Learn More

What is Fibre Response?
Dietary fibre is a form of carbohydrate that the body cannot process. Dietary fiber's principal function is in intestinal function. Dietary fibre, particularly insoluble fibre, aids in constipation prevention by increasing stool weight and lowering stool transit time in the gut. It also reduces the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Fibre-based meals hold water in the intestine, making you feel fuller and keeping your calorie intake in check, lowering your chance of becoming obesity. It can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains. Genetic differences can alter the extent to which increasing fibre consumption can help maintain weight under control.

Regulation of Eating

Emotional Eating Dependance Learn More

What Exactly Is Emotional Eating Dependence?
We all appreciate wonderful meals. We celebrate our joy with food, games and frolic. Unfortunately, many people do the same when they are depressed or unhappy. 'Emotional Eating Dependence' is the name given to the second type of eating habit. It is a mental illness, a yearning induced in an attempt to compensate for and fill a void in one's life. This psychological condition is a reaction to one's emotions, which causes one to overeat chocolate cookies, crusty puffs, creamy cakes, puddings and other luxuries. Those who experience this problem are either conscious or subconsciously locked in the cycle and they feel forced to reach for food for solace. It is not just stress that causes people to reach for food. Boredom might also contribute to becoming a "munch potato." Variations in specific genes can also cause such a response to diet. Emotional eating can lead to increased calorie intake, kicking your weight loss attempts to the curb.

Satiety Response Learn More

What Exactly Is Satiety Response?
Satiety is defined as a sensation of fullness or the suppression of hunger for a period of time following a meal. Certain genetic differences can affect the ability to feel full after eating a meal, which can contribute to overeating in people who have a low satiety response. Overeating can result in an excess of calories consumed, raising the risk of weight gain.

Snacking Pattern Learn More

What Exactly Is a Snacking Pattern?
Eating behaviour is influenced by a complex combination of physiological, psychological, social and genetic factors that influence meal schedule, food quantity, food choice and food selection. Even after a meal, some people seek snacks or more meals. Even when they are full, such persons have a heightened need to nibble on foods throughout the day. Variations in specific genes are implicated in a bad snacking pattern, which leads to overeating.

Taste Perception

Fatty Food Preference Learn More

What Exactly Is Fatty Food Preference?
Fatty food preference reveals our taste preferences for fat-rich foods such as deep-fried dishes, nuts, cheese and red meats. Individual food preferences, eating behaviour and nutritional intake are determined by how an individual perceives the flavour of meals. Certain genetic variants that regulate our fatty food consumption govern our preference for fatty foods.

Sweet Taste Perception Learn More

Can You Explain Sweet Taste Perception?
Sweet taste perception refers to our taste buds' ability to detect sweet meals. Individual food choices and the impact of eating behaviour and nutritional intake are explained by taste perception. In general, those who are less sensitive tend to consume more of that meal and overeat. Sweet taste buds are typically situated near the back of the tongue and on the roof of the mouth. Inter-individual variances in sweet taste perception are influenced by genetic polymorphisms in the genes encoding taste receptors. People with specific genetic variations have weak sweet taste perception and thus consume more sugar.

Bitter Taste Perception Learn More

Definition of Bitter Taste Perception
Bitter taste perception refers to our taste buds' ability to detect bitter foods. Individual food choices and the impact of eating behaviour and nutritional intake are explained by taste perception. In general, those who are less sensitive are more prone to consume that food and to overeat. Lower bitter taste perception is often related with increased ingestion of bitter foods, which could potentially contribute to toxicity in the body under severe situations. Differences in bitter taste perception are caused by genetic polymorphisms in the genes producing taste receptors.

Food Intolerances & Sensitivities

Gluten Intolerance Learn More

What Exactly Is Gluten Intolerance?
Gluten is a type of storage protein found in the seeds of cereal grains such as wheat, barley, rye and oats, along with carbohydrates. Gluten in wheat is responsible for its flexibility and rising during the baking process. Gluten sensitivity is characterised by unfavourable gluten responses. The most severe form of gluten sensitivity is celiac disease. Bloating, diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain are symptoms of gluten intolerance after consuming gluten-containing items. Celiac disease has also been linked to other conditions such as diabetes, thyroid problems and autoimmune disorders. Gluten-free cereals are available for those who are sensitive to gluten. A gluten-free diet is vital for controlling the signs and symptoms of celiac disease and other gluten-related medical problems. Genetic differences can influence a person's likelihood of acquiring celiac disease.

Lactose Metabolism Learn More

What Exactly Is Lactose Intolerance?
Lactose, often known as milk sugar, is a type of carbohydrate found in milk and other dairy products. It imparts a pleasantly sweet flavour to dairy goods. Lactase, an enzyme generated and secreted by the cells that lining the small intestine, begins metabolising lactose in the intestines. Lactose is fermented by gut bacteria when the body does not create enough lactase enzyme. This causes the stomach to produce lactic acid and other gases, resulting in lactose intolerance symptoms. Bloating, gas production in the stomach and diarrhoea are symptoms of lactose intolerance. Genetic differences can influence a person's likelihood of acquiring lactose intolerance.

Salt Metabolism Learn More

How Does Salt Metabolism Work?
Table salt is a mineral that is mostly made up of sodium chloride. Sodium is a vital electrolyte and essential mineral for human health, serving largely as an electrolyte and maintaining fluid equilibrium in the body. Sodium allows nerve impulses to travel throughout the body by controlling the electrical charges that go in and out of cells. The presence of sodium ions is required for muscular contraction, including the most vital muscle, the heart. Excess sodium in the body can cause hypertension, fluid retention, swelling and edoema. Severe sweating, vomiting and diarrhoea are also strongly linked to elevated salt levels. Cured meats, salted fish, cheese and canned foods are high in sodium. Genetic differences can determine how an individual responds to salt intake and hence how much salt can be tolerated in their diet.

Caffiene Metabolism Learn More

Caffeine Metabolism Explained
Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system found in beverages such as coffee, tea, energy drinks and aerated drinks such as cola. Caffeine stimulates alertness and wakefulness when consumed. It can, however, cause minor dependence. In general, up to 400 mg of caffeine appears to be a healthy quantity for adults, although there is a considerable deal of variance in how much caffeine an individual can handle, which is determined by genetic variations. Caffeine overdose can result in anxiety, insomnia, digestive difficulties, elevated blood pressure and a rapid heart rate. Cured meats, salted fish, cheese and canned foods are high in sodium. Genetic differences can determine how an individual responds to salt intake and hence how much salt can be tolerated in their diet.

Description of Test

Our genes are influenced by what we eat.
Nutrigenomics is a nutritional science that studies the relationships between foods and the genes important for metabolic balance using genetic technology. For example, certain components - fatty acids, vitamins and trace elements, for example - exert direct control over gene expression without changing gene structure. Other substances (folate, choline, vitamins B12, B2 and B6) can cause epigenetic changes that, while usually reversible, can sometimes be permanent enough to be passed down from generation to generation. We also know that trace minerals like selenium boost DNA replication fidelity and tolerance to oxidative stress. *This scientific investigation is critical to our future. Its advancement will make nutrition a significant health tool, allowing us to provide individualised dietary recommendations.

Given the immense complexity of modern food, it will provide significant keys for preventive medicine based on ultra-personalized nutrition that considers the individual regulatory capability of the human genome and has the potential to impact its genetic heritage. It will also allow us to conduct successful therapeutic actions by integrating nutrigenomics with drug-based treatment.

Aside from the obvious health benefits, the contributions of this fascinating new science could have a significant economic and social impact. They present the possibility of designing more effective diets for malnourished or ageing populations, as well as collaboration in the field of pharmacogenomics, which allows medications to be better matched with dietary components. They should also make it easier to deliver new generations of safe products to the agri-food market, frequently in the form of ingredient combinations meant to optimise specific functions in humans, animals, or plants. Nutrigenomics is a true revolution, bringing together nutrition, health, biology, ethics, human science and the food industry as catalysts for scientific and social innovation. Individuals will surely become more conscious of the evolution of food-related behaviours as a result of this.

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