Defining acne
One of the most frequent dermatological disorders is acne, or acne vulgaris. It affects the pilosebaceous unit, which consists of the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland. It primarily affects the face and trunk and is characterised by comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts and/or scarring. Sebum production is raised as a result of hormonal changes, which also produce acne of variable severity.

Understanding Alopecia
The skin disorder known as alopecia is characterised by unexpected hair loss. Alopecia areata (AA) and androgenic alopecia (AGA) are the two kinds of alopecia. AA is a skin-specific, T cell-dependent autoimmune illness that causes hair loss. Hair loss and a receding hairline are features of AGA. Although it is not understood how it causes hair loss, it is thought to be brought on by an increase in the activation of androgen receptors in hair follicles. However, its connection to conditions linked to elevated levels of androgen, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and prostate cancer and coronary heart disease in men.

Description of Striae Distensae.
Stretch marks, also known as striae distensae, are a type of skin scarring that appears as erythematous (red), violaceous, or hypopigmented linear striations (means a series of ridges, furrows, or linear marks) when the dermis (the inner layer of skin) is stretched as a result of a rapid change in shape from weight gain or growth. Strates rubra and striates alba are the two main varieties of striae distensae. Striae rubra are striae distensae that are acute in nature and have an erythematous (red) to violaceous colour. Striae alba, which first seems hypopigmented, atrophic and scar-like, develop from striae rubra over time.

Understanding Pemphigus foliaceus
An acquired autoimmune blistering condition called Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) happens when the immune system generates antibodies against the skin and mucous membranes. Blisters, wounds and crusty areas on the skin and mucous membranes are some of its hallmark symptoms. PF typically manifests on the scalp, upper chest and back. Idiopathic PF, which affects everyone and Fogo Selvagem, which affects people from specific geographic areas, are the two main kinds of PF.

Defining psoriasis
An autoimmune skin condition called psoriasis causes skin cells to develop more quickly. Small scaling areas and red skin patches coated in thick, silvery scales are its defining features. The overproduction of healthy skin cells as a result of an overactive immune system's T-cell (immune cell) attacks on healthy skin cells causes scaly patches, redness and occasionally pus to appear on the skin. Cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and psoriatic arthritis are additional psoriasis-related ailments that shorten life expectancy.

Identifying vitiligo
Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition that results in milky white areas on the skin and is brought on by the death of melanocytes, the cells that produce colour. Segmental and non-segmental vitiligo are the two different kinds. The most prevalent type of vitiligo, non-segmental, is distinguished by symmetrical, bilateral white patches. Segmental vitiligo lesions are distinguished by an early age of onset and a unilateral segmental or band-shaped distribution.

Understanding eczema
Different medical diseases that cause skin inflammation are referred to as eczema. The most typical kind of eczema is called atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition that is frequently linked to asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergies. Early childhood is when AD typically first appears and those with a family history of the disorder are more likely to develop it. Extremes in temperature are not well tolerated by AD patients and can cause sweating, dry skin and itchy skin. Wool has been discovered to be a known AD trigger in children.

Defining sun spots
Sunspots are flat, brown spots that appear on exposed skin, such as the backs of the hands, shoulders and face. They are harmless and non-cancerous. Except for cosmetic reasons, they do not require treatment or offer any health risks. These areas of discolouration have a tan or brown appearance. Although some people may get them earlier or later in life, depending on how much sun exposure they have had, they often begin to show around the age of 40.

Sunburn and damage it causes
The skin's response to excessive UV radiation exposure, whether from natural or artificial sources, is sunburn. Red, swollen patches appear on the exposed skin as a symptom. Sunburn development is influenced by the strength of the ultraviolet rays and a person's ability to generate melanin genetically. Low melanin levels in fair-skinned individuals allow UV rays to get through the top layer of skin and directly damage DNA, inducing a number of defence responses.

What exactly is Tanning ability?
Your skin's ability to tan is a defence mechanism against excessive UV exposure. The skin produces more melanin and distributes it to the area that is damaged, protecting the DNA from further deterioration. People who are adept at tanning have a lower chance of developing skin cancer and can develop a light-coverage natural tan. Red or blond hair, blue eyes and light complexion all affect a person's ability to tan. The risk of skin cancer is considerably increased by excessive UV exposure and a reduced ability to tan.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is characterised by excessive sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in sunburn, pigment changes in the skin and a significantly increased incidence of skin malignancies. The skin and eyes are both impacted by this uncommon hereditary condition. Skin cancer and other skin issues are more likely in people with XP due to their higher susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun and other causes. Mutations in one of the many genes involved in repairing DNA damage brought on by UV radiation are what lead to the illness. Due to the autosomal recessive nature of the disorder's inheritance, a person must inherit two copies of the defective gene-one from each parent-in order to be affected.