What exactly is astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a frequent refractive defect caused by an unevenly shaped cornea or lens, which can affect how light passes to the retina. The irregular form of the cornea is referred to as corneal astigmatism, whereas the irregular shape of the lens is referred to as lenticular astigmatism. In both circumstances, vision may be blurry, fuzzy, or distorted. Astigmatism can be present from birth or develop later in life.

Hyperopia and it's effects
Hyperopia, often known as farsightedness, is a common kind of refractive error in which distant objects are viewed more clearly than close objects. This problem arises when the eye is too short or the cornea (the transparent structure/layer at the front of the eye) is too flat. As a result, light rays focus beyond the retina rather than on it. There are two types of hyperopia: axial hyperopia and curvature hyperopia.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca condition and reasons for this to happen
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) is a common disorder in which tears generated by the ducts do not adequately lubricate the eyes. Inadequate lubrication can arise due to either insufficient tear production or poor tear quality. Dry eyes can be caused by situations such as flying, riding a bike, staying in an air-conditioned room, or staring at computer screens for an extended period of time. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca has been linked to other illnesses such as Sjogren's syndrome.

What exactly is Keratoconus?
The cornea is the clear dome-shaped structure that serves as the eye's outermost cover. The cornea loses its dome-shaped structure and bulges, becoming a cone-shaped structure as it thins. Keratoconus is a condition that causes hazy or distorted eyesight. In the case of severe keratoconus, the stretched collagen fibres will result in increased and severe scarring.

Cataract is a common condition in many parts of the world
A cataract is a thick, hazy region that develops in the eye's lens. gazing through foggy lenses is similar to gazing through a frosty or fogged-up glass for persons who have cataracts. Cataracts are caused by tissue degradation and protein clumping. The core zone of the lens, also known as the nucleus, gradually hardens and yellows in a nuclear cataract. This hardness and yellowing may spread to the lens's other layers over time. Cataracts come in three varieties: traumatic, congenital and radiation.

Glaucoma and its effects
Glaucoma is an eye condition that causes progressive vision loss. It harms the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain. Glaucoma is typically caused by excessively high pressure inside the eye this increased pressure can destroy the tissues of the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss or blindness. If discovered early on, additional vision loss can be avoided. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, after cataracts.

What exactly is Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is an eye disorder that is the major cause of vision loss in adults over the age of 50. The macula, a small region near the centre of the retina, is damaged with this condition. The health of the macula impacts the capacity to see finer details in images. ARMD can be classified into two types. The most common variety is a 'dry form' with yellow deposits in the macula called drusen. Another variety is a 'wet' variant, which is characterised by aberrant blood vessels sprouting from the choroid behind the macula.

Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Condition and effects on your eyes
Birdshot chorioretinopathy is an eye illness characterised by the formation of painless, light-coloured patches on the retina that cause visual impairments and are spread in a birdshot pattern. This ailment is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. Symptoms may appear around middle age and most people may endure a progressive decrease in visual function if untreated. Early treatment may include the use of drugs aimed at regulating the body's immunological response.

Definition of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
The disorder known as central serous chorioretinopathy causes retinal detachment due to fluid collection behind the retina. Vision can be distorted by retinal detachment. The retina is the membrane where the image is concentrated, whereas the choroid is the circulatory layer of the eye located beneath the retina. Fluid leakage from the choroid area to the region between the retina and the choroid causes the retina to bulge.

Explanation of Vascular Disease
A vascular condition affecting the choroid portion of the eye is called polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Affected blood arteries in the choroid area of the eye can harm the retina's photoreceptor cells, causing vision blurriness or blind spots in or near the centre of vision. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) has a variant known as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Retinal occlusion: What Is It?
A vascular condition of the retina of the eye is called retinal occlusion. Light is converted into a signal that is sent to the brain via the retina, a tiny layer of tissue at the back of the eye. In order to receive enough oxygen and nutrients, the retinal cells require a constant flow of blood from the arteries and veins. Sudden changes in vision might result from blood or other fluids accumulating in the arteries, which prevents the retina from adequately filtering light. It is referred to as retinal artery occlusion or retinal vein occlusion depending on the blood vessel that is involved.

Stargardt disease definition
An inherited condition called Stargardt disease, commonly referred to as Stargardt macular dystrophy, primarily affects the macula, a region of the retina. During childhood or adolescence, this condition causes progressive macula damage or degeneration, which causes vision loss. The central vision is impaired and is brought on by the deposition of fatty substances in and around the macula.

Defining myopia
The greatest contributor to vision impairment in those under 40 is myopia. The condition known as myopia, commonly referred to as nearsightedness or short-sightedness, causes adjacent objects to appear clearly while items farther away may be indistinct or may appear blurry. Glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery can be used to treat this genetic problem.

What precisely is Graves Ophthalmopathy?
Thyroid eye disease, commonly known as Graves' ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune inflammatory condition that mostly affects the tissues of the orbit and periorbital region. Patients with Graves' disease may struggle with their vision. Within six months (before or after) of receiving a hyperthyroidism diagnosis, eye problems can also appear.