Neurology

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Neurogenetics can provide information on genetic conditions affecting the nervous system. To name a few, Autism, Parkinson's Disease, (ADHD), Frontotemporal Dementia and Asperger's Syndrome. Please see the listing below of all conditions.

Neurology

Neurology

Learning & Developmental Disorders

Asperger's Syndrome Learn More

Defining Asperger's Syndrome
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include Asperger's syndrome, a rare neurological condition marked by poor social and communication abilities. People who are affected often exhibit limited, recurring patterns of behaviour and interests, as well as communication challenges both verbally and nonverbally. There is no speech delay in Asperger's syndrome, which is one of the main distinctions between autism and Asperger's syndrome. Delayed motor skills are frequently seen in Asperger's syndrome and the affected person may appear clumsy and uncoordinated.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Learn More

Explaining Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A lack of focus An individual with hyperactivity, impulsive behaviour and trouble paying attention has hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a behavioural disorder. Although the early symptoms may be noted in children, ADHD can persist until adolescent or adulthood. Long into adulthood, symptoms including poor impulse control, disorganisation and low attention may still be present.

Autism Learn More

Describing autism
One of the spectrum of disorders includes autism. It is a developmental disease that can lead to difficulties in social interaction, verbal communication and behaviour. Autism is typified by difficulty interacting socially, including eye contact, behaviour difficulties such as repeated habits and narrowed interests. A person with autism may be extremely competent or severely challenged in their capacity to learn, think and solve issues. Depending on the severity, the right therapy and assistance will be needed.

Dyslexia Learn More

Understanding dyslexia
Despite conventional schooling, sufficient IQ and societal changes, dyslexia causes trouble learning to read. It is a learning disability that is typically characterised by issues with speech recognition, which impairs the ability to learn how to connect letters to words. An individual's fundamental capacity to function in our society is hampered by dyslexia. As kids learn to read, the symptoms of this illness become more obvious.

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Learn More

Identifying anorexia
A psychological eating problem called anorexia is characterised by unusually low body weight, which is typically attained through restricting food intake. Extremely harmful and even fatal, this illness. It is characterised by a strong dread of gaining weight, which drives people to act in extreme ways, including starving themselves, vomiting after eating, abusing laxatives, diuretics, or enemas, or overexerting themselves. Although anorexia can strike at any age, it most frequently affects young women and usually begins in the middle of adolescence. It could also be a way for some individuals to deal with other emotional issues.

Binge-Eating Disorder Learn More

What Exactly Is Binge-eating Disorder
Periods of excessive overeating are the hallmark of binge-eating disorder, which is frequently observed in people who also have an underlying mental health problem like depression or anxiety. When bingeing episodes are frequent and are accompanied by feelings of shame and concern about one's eating habits, binge eating typically develops into a disorder.

Bulimia Nervosa (Female Only Avalible) Learn More

The definition of bulimia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person loses control over their appetite, consumes excessive amounts of food and then goes on to use inappropriate and drastic weight-loss methods, such as vomiting right after eating, starving themselves, abusing laxatives, diuretics, or enemas, or over-exercising. One's mental health may be severely affected by this illness and the person may become obsessed with their appearance. Although bulimia nervosa can strike at any age, it is more frequently found in young women and usually begins in the early stages of adulthood.

Nervous System Disorders

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (PNS) Learn More

Explaining what amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is.
A neurodegenerative disease that affects the nerve cells in charge of regulating voluntary muscular movements is called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It takes place in regions of the spinal cord where nerve cells that signal and regulate muscles are located in part. Motor neurons, which allow the brain and voluntary muscles to communicate and enable optimal coordination and movement, gradually disappear in people with ALS. Loss of the capacity to carry out deliberate actions, such as eating, speaking, moving, breathing, etc., can result from this.

Myasthenia Gravis (PNS) Learn More

The definition of Myasthenia Gravis
An autoimmune condition called myasthenia gravis weakens the skeletal muscles, or the muscles that are controlled voluntarily and are used mostly for movement. Impaired connection between the nerve cells and the muscle causes the condition. Since this dysfunction prevents the occurrence of required muscular contractions, it may eventually cause muscle weakening. The muscles of the face, eyes, arms and legs are frequently affected.

Multiple System Atrophy (ANS) Learn More

How Multiple System Atrophy effects your body
A rare nervous system condition known as Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is characterised by a large loss of nerve cells in many regions of the brain. Formerly known as Shy-Drager syndrome, this condition may cause the autonomic nervous system-which regulates involuntary processes including blood pressure, bladder control, breathing, movement, etc. to become dysfunctional. According to the fundamental characteristics of parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia, respectively, there are two subtypes of this disorder: parkinsonian type (MSA-P) and cerebellar type (MSA-C).

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Alzheimer's Disease Learn More

The definition of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that worsens with time and affects memory and thinking capacity as a result of brain cell loss. It accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases (memory loss). Alzheimer's has no known cure, but there are medications that can halt its progression. People who have this illness could have trouble performing routine duties and lose their independence. The rate at which Alzheimer's disease progresses varies. While some people may have modest cognitive impairment for a long time, others often have symptoms appear more suddenly and the disease advances more quickly.

Frontotemporal Dementia Learn More

Defining frontotemporal dementia
In frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative illness, the frontal or temporal lobes of the brain begin to deteriorate and dementia begins to set in. The brain region in question is in charge of personality, behaviour and language. FTD often starts between the ages of 45 and 65. After Alzheimer's disease, it ranks as the second most frequent cause of primary dementia. It may result in personality and behaviour changes, language difficulties, cognitive issues, or memory issues.

Lewy Body Dementia Learn More

Explaining Lewy Body Dementia
One of the main kinds of progressive dementia, Lewy body dementia is distinguished by the development of Lewy bodies-protein aggregations-in the nerve cells. These aggregations alter the brain's chemical balance, impairing thought, movement, behaviour and emotion. Over time, this may result in a decline in mental capacity as well as visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not there), drowsiness, tight muscles, sluggish movement and tremors.

Parkinson's Disease Learn More

The definition of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurological condition brought on by the loss of brain nerve cells (neurons), which lowers dopamine levels. Reduced dopamine levels can cause aberrant brain activity since dopamine serves as a chemical transmitter. Movement is typically affected by this illness, which frequently begins with tremors.

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Learn More

How do you define progressive supranuclear palsy?
A rare brain illness called progressive supranuclear palsy is distinguished by damage to the brain's nerve cells, which is predominantly brought on by tau protein aggregation. Movements (walking and balancing), swallowing and vision are all impacted by the impairment. Clusters of nerve cells that regulate eye movements have been harmed. The disease could deteriorate over time and result in potentially fatal complications.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Essential Tremor Learn More

Defining Essential Tremor
A degenerative neurological disorder called essential tremor is typified by tremors, generally in the hands or arms. An unintentional, rhythmic shaking or movement of a physical component is referred to as a tremor. Simple chores like drinking water from a glass or tying shoes become challenging because of the related tremors, which are typically brief and fast motions that typically affect the hands. As such, the tremors are not harmful, but they can get stronger over time and interfere with fine motor skills like writing, eating, or drinking.

Fibromyalgia Learn More

Recognising Fibromyalgia
A chronic condition known as fibromyalgia causes widespread pain, exhaustion, mental decline, depression, disturbed sleep and symptoms of the digestive and endocrine systems. Although the specific origin is unknown, it is thought that the brain magnifies the pain that is felt in the muscles and soft tissues. Fibromyalgia is diagnosed by ruling out other potential reasons because there are no tests for it. 2 to 8% of people are thought to be affected with fibromyalgia. Women are roughly seven times as likely as men to develop this disorder.

Chronic Neurological Disorders

Epilepsy Learn More

Identifying epilepsy
A neurological condition that affects people of all ages is epilepsy. The symptoms of this illness include repeated seizures, episodes of strange behaviours, sensations and occasionally loss of awareness. Seizures can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as diseases, aberrant brain development, or brain damage, which can alter the typical pattern of neuronal activity. The presence of at least two unprovoked seizures is necessary for an epilepsy diagnosis.

Migraine Learn More

What Are Migraines?
Migraines are extremely painful, recurring headaches that are typically one-sided. Sensory warning signs and other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting and an excessive sensitivity to light and sound, may precede or be present along with them. Migraine can produce moderate to severe throbbing or pulsing pain and in some cases, warning indications known as aura may appear. Visual disturbances, light flashes, or tingling or disturbances on one side of the face or arm are examples of aura. A migraine attack may linger for several hours or even days.

Demylenating Disorders

Multiple Sclerosis Learn More

Describing Multiple Sclerosis
The most prevalent central nervous system ailment that affects the brain and spinal cord is multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive, chronic neurological condition. The immune system attacks the myelin, the nerves' protective covering, in this disorder, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body and causing temporary or permanent nerve damage. Relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis, primary progressive multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome are among the various forms of MS.

Neuromyelitis Optica Learn More

Understanding Neuromyelitis Optica
Neuromyelitis Optica and myelitis of the spinal cord are the main symptoms of the condition known as neuromyelitis optica. Devic's disease and Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder are other names for it. It happens when the immune system of the body attacks its cells, leading to demyelination (damage to the nerves' protective sheath), primarily of the optic nerves and spinal cord, which causes eye pain and occasionally even causes eyesight loss.

Psychiatric Disorders

Bipolar Disorder Learn More

Defining Bipolar Disorder
Extreme and unexpected mood and energy swings are signs of bipolar disorder, a mental health disease. Significant changes in activity levels and the capacity to do daily duties might also result from it. Extreme mood swings from mania to sadness are brought on by it. Sleep, energy, cognition, activity and behaviour are all impacted by mood fluctuations. It is a complex disorder with an unknown aetiology that involves both environmental and genetic elements. Bipolar disorder can increase mortality, notably suicide and cause cognitive and functional impairment. Regardless of nationality, ethnic background, or socioeconomic class, it affects more than 1% of the world's population.

Depression Learn More

Understanding Depression
A serious mood condition is depression, sometimes known as major depressive disorder. People may feel depressed, irate, sleep deprived and uninterested. To be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be persistent for at least two weeks depression can result in a variety of mental and physical issues. Atypical depression, also known as situational depression, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder, postpartum/peripartum depression, psychotic depression, major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder are all examples of depression.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Learn More

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A prevalent disorder known as obsessive-compulsive disorder is typified by obsessions, compulsions, or both. Obsessions, which are uncontrollable, recurrent urges or ideas and compulsions, which are repetitive behavioural or mental activities that a person feels compelled to carry out again, are examples of these.

Schizophrenia Learn More

Defining schizophrenia
The ability of a person to think clearly and control their emotions can be affected or distorted by schizophrenia, a difficult, chronic, psychotic neurological condition. Additionally, it might impair one's judgement, capacity for decision-making and interpersonal relationships. Although schizophrenia can strike at any age, it is most frequently seen in people between the ages of 16 and 30. It combines hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there), disordered thinking and behaviour with delusions (false beliefs that are not present in reality). schizophrenia frequently results in a high degree of disability because to the intensity of its symptoms and its persistent pattern.

Panic Disorder Learn More

Panic Disorder Definition
An individual who suffers from panic disorder will frequently have unplanned panic attacks. A panic attack is a quick onset of extreme fear or terror that can climax in a matter of minutes. Attacks may happen suddenly or may be brought on by a circumstance or object. The person might feel helpless, out of control, like they're having a heart attack or even on their deathbed as a result of strong physical reactions that may occur with no real threat.

Phobic Disorders Learn More

What Are Phobia Disorders?
A phobia is described as an uncontrollable fear of particular things or circumstances. Even though the phobia is unreasonable, the sufferer is powerless over their terror. Agoraphobia (fear of any area that can trigger panic or embarrassment) and specific phobias are just a few of the disorders together referred to as "phobic disorders" When confronted with the phobia's source, those with phobic disorders will suffer severe distress.

Description of Test

DNA testing is available for a growing number of hereditary diseases in neurology and other specialities. In addition, DNA tests are important tools in the diagnosis of diseases, particularly in conditions for which clinical signs are relatively nonspecific. DNA testing also can provide valuable insight into the risk of hereditary disease when decisions about treating comorbidities are being made.

This panel is designed for individuals with a family history of neurological disorders or individuals with symptoms of the conditions, such as seizures, muscle weakness and cognitive impairment. Genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis and provide information related to a condition. Testing can also inform family planning decisions and provide reassurance for unaffected family members.

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