Cardiovascular

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The cardiology panel investigates the genetics of cardiac health. Arrhythmia and abrupt cardiac arrest are both hereditary events. Knowing the hazards linked with them can help one screen better and avoid the consequences. Heart disease relates specifically to the heart, while cardiovascular disease affects the heart, the blood vessels, or both.

Cardiovascular

Cardiovascular

Arrythmia

Atrial Fibrillation Learn More

What Exactly Is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is a condition in which the heart rate is erratic and fast, putting the patient at risk of stroke and other cardiac problems.

Brugada Syndrome Learn More

Brugada Syndrome explained
Brugada syndrome is a heart rhythm condition characterised by irregular heartbeats, particularly from the lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. This illness is caused by a malfunction in the channels that direct electrical impulses, causing irregular heartbeats. This irregular beat can be rapid and harmful, resulting in a lack of blood circulation to the body. Brugada syndrome is caused by structural heart defects, chemical imbalances and certain medicines. Brugada syndrome is also caused by genetic differences.

Ventricular Fibrillation Learn More

Definition of Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation is a severe kind of arrhythmia or cardiac rhythm disease in which the heart beats with rapid, unpredictable electrical impulses. Because it is a life-threatening condition, it must be addressed right away. While the precise aetiology of ventricular fibrillation is uncertain, it frequently begins with ventricular tachycardia (rapid heartbeat). It happens in persons who have scar tissue from previous heart attacks as well as heart muscle damage from cardiac diseases. Untreated ventricular tachycardia progresses to ventricular fibrillation.

Ventricular Tachycardi Learn More

What exactly is Ventricular Tachycardia?
Ventricular tachycardia is a rapid, abnormal heart rhythm that begins in the heart's bottom chambers (ventricles). Ventricular tachycardia occurs when the heart rate exceeds 100-120 beats per minute and there are three or more abnormal beats in a row. When electrical impulses are disrupted, fast signals are conveyed to the ventricles. This quick heartbeat does not allow enough blood to fill the ventricles, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the rest of the body. Ventricular tachycardia can sometimes cause the heart to stop, which is a life-threatening medical emergency.

Valve Diseases

Stenosis Learn More

Understanding Stenosis
Stenosis is a disorder in which the heart valve narrows, restricting blood flow. The valve flap stiffens or thickens and does not fully open, requiring the heart to work harder to pump blood, leading it to grow and weaken. Aortic stenosis, tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis and mitral stenosis are the many forms of stenosis. Stenosis can be caused by congenital cardiac abnormalities, rheumatic fever and calcium buildup on the valve. It mainly affects older people, but it can be congenital as well.

Aortic Dissection Learn More

Definition of Aortic Dissection
Aortic dissection occurs when the inner lining of the aorta (the primary artery that drains the heart) tears. Dissection occurs when blood flows between the layers of the vascular wall. This can result in a rupture or an insufficient blood flow to the other organs. There are two kinds of aortic stenosis, depending on which section of the aorta is affected: Type A: The rip is located in the ascending aorta. This is a more prevalent and potentially deadly variant. Type B: A rip in the descending aorta.

Bicuspid Aortic Valve Learn More

What exactly is the Bicuspid Aortic Valve?
Bicuspid aortic valve is a disorder in which the aortic valve, which controls blood flow into the aorta from the heart's left ventricle, has two cusps (flaps) rather than three. The valve does not work properly in this disorder, allowing blood to flow backwards from the aorta into the left ventricle and producing an unnatural sound (murmur) depending on the degree of abnormality. It is a congenital disorder that frequently runs in families. Several studies have also suggested that it could be caused by a connective tissue condition, which could lead to other circulatory system issues.

CVD

Stroke Learn More

Definition Stroke
A stroke most commonly happens in the brain due to a lack of oxygen and blood supply (blocked artery) to the brain (ischemia). As a result, the brain cells (neurons) cannot produce enough energy and finally die. It damages the brain by interfering with energy-dependent processes. Stroke symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arms, or legs, loss of vision, difficulty walking, disorientation and severe headaches with no apparent reason.

Angina Learn More

What exactly is Angina ait's effects
Angina is a sign of coronary heart disease that is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart. Inadequate oxygen supply results from a lack of blood supply. In the chest, there is discomfort, agony, heaviness and tightness. There are various types of angina. 1. Stable Angina: This condition is triggered by physical exertion such as exercise or stair climbing. 2. Unstable Angina: This type of angina occurs at rest and is more severe. 3. Microvascular Angina: Chest pain without a blockage of the coronary arteries. 4. Variant angina, also known as Prinzmetal's angina, is a rare but severe condition caused by a spasm in the heart's arteries, which momentarily reduces blood flow and occurs during rest.

Aneurysm Learn More

Aneurysm explained
An aneurysm develops when the arterial wall weakens, resulting in a bulge caused by an increase in blood pressure in the artery. Atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, deep wounds, or infection can all contribute to it. It can sometimes be discovered from birth. Aortic aneurysms (found in the aorta-the main blood vessels that carry blood from the heart), cerebral aneurysms (arteries that supply the brain) and peripheral aneurysms (any peripheral artery) are the three types. It can be fatal if the aneurysm ruptures and causes a stroke.

Long QT Syndrome Learn More

What exactly is Long QT Syndrome?
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an unusual and genetic disorder in which the heart rhythm becomes rapid and disorganised. Arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeat rhythms) can occur suddenly, uncontrollably and dangerously in reaction to exercise or stress. This abnormality in the electrical activity of the heart is referred to as QT prolongation on an electrocardiogram (ECG). LQTS 1, 2 and 3 are the most prevalent kinds of inherited LQTS. Arrhythmias in LQTS 1 can be triggered by mental stress or exercise (particularly swimming). Extreme emotions, such as surprise, can cause arrhythmias in LQTS 2. A sluggish heart rate during sleep can cause arrhythmias in people with LQTS 3.

Myocardial Infarction Learn More

What is myocardial infarction?
A myocardial infarction happens when blood supply to the heart is suddenly reduced. The heart does not receive oxygen if blood is not pumped. If not treated promptly, the heart muscle begins to die. However, if treated immediately, damage to the heart muscle can be reduced or avoided.

Coronary Heart Disease Learn More

Coronary Heart Disease explained and symptom associated
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), also known as Ischemic Heart Disease, occurs when the heart's blood supply is interrupted due to the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, causing inflammation and gradual thickening of the coronary arteries and eventually scarring or furring up the artery lining, resulting in atherosclerosis. CHD is frequently the result of the advancement of CAD and atherosclerosis. CHD symptoms range from chest pain (angina) to shortness of breath. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is another sign.

Coronary Artery Disease Learn More

Information on Coronary Artery Disease?
The largest blood artery group that supplies blood to the heart is the coronary arteries. Any damage to these blood vessels caused by plaque buildup could result in a decrease in blood supply to the heart, resulting in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain might occur as a result of reduced blood flow. CAD manifests as stable angina (chest pain), unstable angina, myocardial infarction (heart attack) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), depending on the amount of blockage. A full blockage could result in a myocardial infarction.

Atherosclerosis Learn More

What Exactly Is Atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fat, cholesterol, calcium and other chemicals form plaques in the artery walls, narrowing the opening of the arteries and reducing blood flow, ultimately leading to cardiovascular disease. When these plaques break, they produce a blood clot, limiting or even blocking the flow of oxygen-rich blood to organs and other regions of the body.

Cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Learn More

Definition of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
The most prevalent kind of cardiomyopathy is dilated cardiomyopathy. The muscle of the heart's primary pumping chamber (the left ventricle) becomes dilated and weakened in this condition. As a result, the heart is unable to deliver enough blood to the rest of the body. Later on, the right ventricle dilates and becomes dysfunctional. Dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by a variety of disorders such as various cardiac diseases, alcohol consumption, diabetes, thyroid, viral infections of the heart, or certain medicines.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Learn More

Defining Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a disorder that causes the heart muscle to thicken abnormally. This reduces the ability of the heart to pump blood. It causes rigidity in the heart's lower chambers (ventricles), valve changes (mitral valve) and cellular alterations. There are two types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (in which the septum between the ventricles enlarges and restricts blood flow out of the heart) and non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (in which blood flow is not significantly restricted). While hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is primarily inherited, it can also be caused by high blood pressure or ageing.

Venous Thromboembolism

Venous Thrombosis Learn More

Explaining Venous Thrombosis?
Venous thrombosis is a disorder in which a blood clot forms in a vein and restricts blood flow. Venous Thrombosis Types: 1. Superficial Venous Thrombosis- a blood clot that forms near the skin's surface. 2. Deep Vein Thrombosis- a blood clot that forms in a deep vein in the body, usually in the leg, thigh, or pelvis. The venous thrombus may disintegrate, gather extra platelets or fibrin and produce vessel obstruction, or it may dislodge and migrate to another place, producing catastrophic issues such as pulmonary embolism. Certain genetic variants may enhance the risk of venous thrombosis.

Pulmonary Embolism Learn More

What Exactly Is Pulmonary Embolism?
The blocking of arteries in the lungs caused by blood clots is known as pulmonary embolism. These blood clots occur in many regions of the body, most notably the arms or legs (in the case of deep vein thrombosis). These clots travel through the circulatory system, reach the lungs and create blockage of the lungs' tiny capillaries, affecting blood circulation to that area of the lungs. Due to a lack of blood and oxygen, the lungs may cease to function, causing lasting damage to the organ. The symptoms may vary depending on the extent of the lung involvement and the size of the clot.

Terminal Heart Disorders

Heart Failure Learn More

Definition of Heart Failure
Heart failure is the inability of the heart to adequately pump blood to the body. The heart muscles are either injured and weaker or stiffened. The lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) do not fill adequately, resulting in ineffective pumping. Heart failure can also be caused by illnesses such as coronary heart disease, in which the arteries grow narrow and hypertension. Heart failure can be classified as left-sided, right-sided, diastolic (the heart is stiff and does not fill adequately), or systolic (the heart is weak and does not pump blood effectively).

Sudden Cardiac Death Learn More

What Exactly Is Sudden Cardiac Death?
The unexpected death caused by the heart abruptly and unexpectedly stopping beating is known as sudden cardiac death. When this happens, blood flow to the brain and other essential organs is cut off. An irregular heartbeat is caused by an electrical defect in the heart. The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia). Cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, heart attack, valve disease, or inherited heart disease can all cause sudden cardiac death.

Inflammatory Diseases

Kawasaki Disease Learn More

Kawasaki disease explained
Kawasaki disease is a mucocutaneous lymph node disorder that primarily affects babies and young children and causes inflammation of the arteries, veins and capillaries. It primarily affects the child's mucous membranes in the mouth, nose and throat. Although around 80% of Kawasaki illness patients are under the age of five, older children and teenagers may also be affected, albeit infrequently. It is a major cause of acquired heart disease in youngsters.

Infective Endocarditis Learn More

Definition of Infective Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Infective endocarditis is inflammation of the endocardium induced by an infection. This illness is typically caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria that enter the body by various areas such as the mouth, skin, respiratory system and urinary tract. If left untreated, it can lead to valve deterioration, heart failure, stroke and even death. Fungi and other microbes can occasionally cause infection.

Dyslipedemia

Hypertriglyceridemia Learn More

Defining hypertriglyceridemia
Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as an abnormally high level of triglycerides (a type of lipid) in the bloodstream. Triglycerides are a substantial component of human body fat and an important source of energy for our cells. Hypertriglyceridemia may be a symptom of underlying metabolic abnormalities and it has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as a triglyceride level greater than 150 mg/dl.

Hypercholesterolemia Learn More

The definition of hypercholesterolemia
A high blood cholesterol level is referred to as hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol is a waxy molecule found in blood that is necessary for the formation of healthy cells nevertheless, high amounts of cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease. High cholesterol causes fatty deposits to form in the blood vessels, making it difficult for blood to circulate through the arteries. These deposits can rupture unexpectedly and create a clot, resulting in a heart attack or stroke.

Vascular Disease

Hypertension Learn More

What Exactly Is Hypertension?
Hypertension is characterised by persistently elevated blood pressure. Hypertension is caused by a complicated interaction between genes and environmental factors. high salt in the diet, high body weight, smoking and excessive alcohol intake are all risk factors. Uncontrolled hypertension can result in a heart attack, stroke and other health issues.

Description of Test

Genetic testing can determine whether you have a specific changed gene or a genetic flaw that can contribute to an inherited heart ailment (IHC).

Heart disease affects only the heart, whereas cardiovascular illness affects the heart, blood arteries, or both.

Genetic diagnostics is becoming more common in cardiology and is recommended in AHA, HRS-EHRA, ESC and CCS guidelines (PMID: 22075469, 20823110, 21810866 and 21459272). It has also been shown to be less expensive than standard clinical screening (PMID: 22128210 and 21139095).

This test can aid in the diagnosis of a potential ailment and may also guide future treatment. If we discover a genetic cause for your problem, we may be able to diagnose or identify additional members of your family who are at risk.

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